Knowledge technology through functional layered intelligence

The Internet and other various networks are growing into an interconnection environment of information pools that is often overwhelming. Knowledge technology has been developing intensively, however with limited success: the concepts such as knowledge, information, and data are still amorphous; limitations are re-confirmed in the predominant formalist–reductionist model and lack of organic attributes; there is a lack of coordination and interoperability. These issues are reviewed here over many prominent knowledge technology efforts. An architecture reference model called Functional Layered Intelligence (FLI) is also introduced as a solutions framework. Knowledge technology is then presented as a subset of the FLI model.