Modeling the potential distribution of sun bear in Krau wildlife reserve, Malaysia

Information and data on the distribution of wildlife species become important when strategizing the management and conservation of the species. Species distribution models have increasingly been used as a predictive tool in wildlife conservation planning and management. This research assessed the distribution of the sun bear and identified the relevant distribution descriptive variables in the Krau Wildlife Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA). Marginality and specialization factors showed that the sun bear habitat is very specific compared to the entire study area and its niche breadth was slightly narrow. Among all the habitat suitability algorithms available in Biomapper software package, median with the extreme optimum algorithm was found to have the best predictive capabilities by means of a continuous Boyce index. Results showed that sun bear can rarely be found in high altitudes, prefers lowland Dipterocarp, and avoids Mountain Ericaceous and Mixed Hill Dipterocarp forests. It also prefers to live nearby rivers, tends to avoid villages and prefers regions with fine silty-clay and loamy textures soils.