Earthworms as soil quality indicators in Brazilian no-tillage systems

► Earthworms were collected in 34 farms with no-tillage, aging from 3 to 27 yr. ► Species richness ranged from 1 to 6 species with predominance of Dichogaster spp. ► Earthworm abundance ranged from 5 to 605 ind. m−2. ► Soil quality of NT systems was classified using earthworm abundance and species richness. ► Most farms still need management improvements to enhance earthworm populations.