Hunting: A serious and understudied threat in India, a globally significant conservation region

Hunting is one of the greatest conservation challenges facing tropical wildlife. Wildlife in Indian tropical forests are vulnerable to hunting, although data on hunting impacts from the region are limited. We use a meta-analysis of 143 hunting studies from India to identify the species and geographic regions most at risk, and to assess their legal protection. We found evidence of hunting in 114 mammal species, with larger-bodied mammals being particularly vulnerable. Although 75% of all studies focused on mammals, few actually quantified hunting impacts. Further, among studies of all terrestrial vertebrates where hunting was mentioned, only 6% focused exclusively on hunting. With further research, we expect that the suite of species known to be exploited by hunters will increase. We conclude that the Eastern Himalaya and Indo-Myanmar biodiversity-hotspot complex is particularly vulnerable to hunting. Quantitative studies of hunting impacts are urgently needed across India, especially in this biodiversity-hotspot complex.

► We conduct a meta-analysis based on 143 hunting studies in India.
► We identify the vertebrate species and geographic regions most at risk, and assess their protection status.
► The Eastern Himalaya and Indo-Myanmar biodiversity-hotspot complex appears most vulnerable to hunting.
► Increasing research will likely increase the known number of species exploited by hunters.