Effect of internal recycling ratios on biomass parameters and simultaneous reduction of nitrogen and organic matter in a hybrid treatment system

• A hybrid system was developed by combining 3 treatment methods.
• The system was successful in nutrient and organic removal without using any chemical additives.
• Internal recycling ratios affected biomass growth and system performance.
• Biomass production and sludge yield under different runs was determined.
• The highest removal efficiency was achieved at the internal recycling ratio of 400%.

A new large-scale pilot hybrid treatment system of 53 m3/day was developed by combining 3 treatment methods: switched internal recycling flows to equalization tank (EQ); rotating hanging media bioreactor (RHMBR); and submerged flat sheet membrane bioreactor (SMBR). The system was operated for more than 16 months in a real-world municipal wastewater treatment plant, using different internal recycling ratios and observing/monitoring the results. This paper addresses not only the urgent problems of treating nutrient and organic pollutants in municipal wastewater, but also assesses characteristics of biomass production, sludge yield, and observed yield during the pilot operation. It also details design parameters used to achieve these assessed levels. Furthermore, the effects and correlations of the loading rates, activated sludge and biomass parameters, on different runs were also studied. The purpose of this was to identify the most suitable indicator for assessing the hybrid system's performance. Results strongly indicated that increasing the internal circulation rate greatly influenced the declining yield trend. The lowest biomass production (Px,bio) and sludge yields (PX,VSS or PX,TSS) were shown for conditions in run 3, and run 4, respectively. Overall the developed treatment system performed extremely well in biological terms for actual municipal wastewater treatment and resulted in high pollutant removal efficiencies, reduced sludge production at a reasonable cost. The hybrid system is a potential option for wastewater treatment, reuse and economy.