Response of soybean cultivars toward inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the alluvial soil

The aim of this study was to assess the comparative efficacy of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) combined with cultivar specific Bradyrhizobium japonicum (CSBJ) in soybean under greenhouse conditions. Soybean seeds of four cultivars namely JS 335, JS 71-05, NRC 2 and NRC 7 were inoculated with three AM fungi (Glomus intraradices, Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora gigantea) and CSBJ isolates, individually or in combination, and were grown in pots using autoclaved alluvial soil of a non-legume cultivated field of Ajmer (Rajasthan). Assessment of the data on nodulation, plant growth and seed yield revealed that amongst the single inoculations of three AMF, G. intraradices produced the largest increases in the parameters studied followed by A. tuberculata and G. gigantea indicating that plant acted selectively on AMF symbiosis. The dual inoculation with AMF + CSBJ further improved these parameters demonstrating synergism between the two microsymbionts. Among all the dual treatments, G. intraradices + B. japonicum brought about the largest increases in the studied characteristics particularly in seed weight per plant that increased up to 115.19%, which suggested that a strong selective synergistic relationship existed between AMF and B. japonicum. The cv. JS 335 exhibited maximum positive response towards inoculation. The variations in efficacy of different treatments with different soybean cultivars indicate the specificity of the inoculation response. These results provide a basis for selection of an appropriate combination of specific AMF and Bradyrhizobium which could further be utilized for verifying the symbiotic effectiveness and competitive ability of microsymbionts under field conditions of Ajmer region.