Influence of hydrodynamic forces on population structure of Pinna nobilis L., 1758 (Mollusca: Bivalvia): The critical combination of drag force, water depth, shell size and orientation

Combining the data of Fd supported by each population for different wave types, approximate values of the optimal mean Fd and the maximum dislodgement force withstood by P. nobilis were estimated (< 9 Newton (N) and ≈ 45 N respectively).