Mutual coupling between identical planar inverted-F antennas

Mutual coupling between two identical planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA) located on an infinite ground plane is studied numerically. Several arrangements of side-by-side, collinear, parallel-in-echelon, and orthogonal PIFA antennas with element spacing varying from 0.06λ0.06λ to 1.20λ1.20λ are investigated at the design frequency of 1.9 GHz, and in the -6dB bandwidth between 1.8 and 2.0 GHz. It is found that choosing configurations that maximizes the separation between the open-end of the PIFAs reduces the mutual coupling.