Relaciones biogeográficas de los grandes ríos de la cuenca del Plata basadas en ensambles de serpientes

The large rivers of the Plata flow southward from intertropical to temperate latitudes, extending the distribution of tropical species. We tested biogeographic hypotheses about relationships among sections of the rivers comparing their snake fauna: the High Paraná has greater affinity with the High Uruguay, the Middle Paraná with Lower Paraguay regarding other sections of Paraná itself, and the Upper Delta has greater affinity with the Middle Paraná and the Lower Delta with Lower Uruguay. We compared sections of rivers and these with phytogeographical units, by means of 13,039 records of 104 taxa, using parsimony analysis of endemicity and similarity. Our results support the first two hypotheses, not the third one. Upper Delta-Lower Delta formed a group with high similarity related to the Middle Uruguay-Lower Uruguay, and with PAE it formed a separate clade. Sections were associated with the bioregions that they crossed, although the Middle-Lower Uruguay did it only with the Parana province (parsimony analysis of endemicity) due to Atlantic-Parana species reaching higher latitudes by this river. The Middle Paraná-Lower Paraguay-Upper Paraná are related to Humid Chaco, being discussed previous published criteria of regionalization. Because of the overlap of tropical and temperate biotic components, larger Plata Rivers are biogeographic transition areas that are relevant to be preserved.