Component reduced floating ±L, ±C and ±R simulators with grounded passive components

In this study, a novel immittance simulator circuit is proposed. The proposed circuit can simulate any one of the floating positive or negative inductor simulator (±L), positive or negative capacitor simulator (±C) and positive or negative resistor simulator (±R). It uses only one current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) and two grounded passive components. The proposed simulator can be tuned electronically by changing the transconductance value of the CBTA. Moreover, the circuit does not require any conditions of component matching. It has a good sensitivity performance with respect to the tracking errors and the passive components. The performance of the proposed immittance simulator is demonstrated on the fourth-order voltage- and current-mode band-pass filters by using Pspice simulations based on the 0.25 μm TSMC level-7 CMOS technology parameters.