Geometrical channel model for vehicle-to-vehicle systems

In ITS impairments tend to be more severe as, in some scenarios, transmitter–receiver relative motion is larger than in cellular systems. This renders in larger Doppler shifts. Also, the scattering scenarios changes continuously and dispersers and reflector tend to lay along traffic roads. In this paper, Doppler shift is characterized in an ITS environment for line of sight and randomly located scatterers. Impact of vehicle speed and lane separation and transmitter–receiver distances are considered in terms of the overall Doppler probability density function (pdf) mixture. Asymmetric behavior with respect to mobile speed is also reported. Doppler spread for a scenario of several scatterers is introduced and shown to be in close agreement to real measurements.