0.5 V bulk-driven analog building blocks

Basic analog building blocks, such as voltage follower (VF), second generation Current Conveyor (CCII), and Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA), capable for operating under 0.5 V supply voltage, are introduced in this paper. The input stage of the proposed blocks is based on bulk-driven pMOS devices, and simultaneously offers the advantages of almost rail-to-rail input/output voltage swing and capability for operation under the extremely low supply voltage. Their performances have been evaluated and compared through simulation results using a standard 0.18 μm n-well process. The bandwidth of the voltage and current followers for both CCII and CFOA is 11 MHz and 10 MHz, respectively. The power consumption of CCII and CFOA is 30 μW and 50 μW, respectively.