A versatile signal flow graph realization of a general current transfer function

A general synthesis procedure is given for a versatile signal flow graph realization of a general current transfer function by using multi-output second generation current controlled current conveyors (MO-CCCIIs). The proposed configuration uses n+1n+1 multi-output second generation current conveyors (MO-CCIIs), n   capacitors and at most 2(n+1)2(n+1) resistors. This number of resistors can be reduced to n for special cases. Using MO-CCCIIs instead of MO-CCIIs, the resistors can be removed completely for the n  th-order universal structure. The general transfer function having any numerator dynamics can be derived from the universal structure by using a single MO-CCCII and at most n+1n+1 resistors. It is very easy to find the values of the passive elements from the coefficients of the transfer function to be realized. The validity of the proposed synthesis is verified through PSpice simulations.