Host regulation and nutritional exploitation by parasitic wasps

• Parasitoid–host interactions are largely driven by nutritional needs.
• Host physiology and metabolism are redirected to optimize parasitoid nutrition.
• Parasitoid larvae exhibit several adaptations for nutrient absorption from hosts.
• Parasitoid nutritional physiology may help to define artificial diets.

The physiological alterations observed in naturally parasitized hosts are characterized by a number of reproductive and developmental changes. Some of these changes are also associated with alterations in host physiology that benefit the nutrition and development of wasp offspring. Here we review the breadth of host–parasitoid nutritional interactions, and discuss current understanding of underlying mechanisms. We also discuss priorities for future studies that could enhance understanding of basic questions about the parasitoid lifestyle and provide insights of value for insect control.

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