کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
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4529457 | 1625961 | 2013 | 11 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
![عکس صفحه اول مقاله: Cloning and characterization of the retinoic acid receptor-like protein in the rock shell, Thais clavigera Cloning and characterization of the retinoic acid receptor-like protein in the rock shell, Thais clavigera](/preview/png/4529457.png)
• We examined the mechanism of imposex induction, focusing on RXR signaling pathway.
• To investigate candidate partner for RXR, we isolated an RAR-like cDNA in rockshell.
• This RAR-like protein was not activated by retinoic acids.
• However, it may form a heterodimer with TcRXR isoforms.
The organotin compounds have a high affinity for the retinoid X receptor (RXR), which is a transcriptional factor activated by retinoids that induce imposex in gastropods. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of RXR and its related genes in gastropods remain unclear. We isolated a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-like cDNA (TcRAR) in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, and examined the transcriptional activity of the TcRAR protein by using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). However, we did not observe any ligand-dependent transactivation by this protein. We also examined the transcriptional activity of the TcRAR-ligand binding domain fused with the GAL4-DNA binding domain by using retinoic acids, retinol, and organotins and again saw no noteworthy transcriptional induction by these chemicals. Use of a mammalian two-hybrid assay to assess the interaction of the TcRAR protein with the TcRXR isoforms suggested that TcRAR might form a heterodimer with the RXR isoforms. The transcriptional activity of domain-swapped TcRAR chimeric proteins (the A/B domain of TcRAR combined with the D–F domain of human RARα) was also examined and found to be ATRA-dependent. These results suggest that TcRAR is not activated by retinoic acids, but can form a heterodimer with TcRXR isoforms. These data contribute to our understanding of the mechanism by which RXR functions in gastropods.
Journal: Aquatic Toxicology - Volumes 142–143, 15 October 2013, Pages 403–413