An elaborate chronological and spatial analysis of energy hole for wireless sensor networks

The Energy Hole (EH) phenomena has been a great hindrance for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). By employing theoretical analysis, we can obtain the energy consumption in different regions of the network. The first nodal death time (FDT) and all nodal death time (ADT) are calculated and the results show that the FDT and ADT are related to the nodal transmission radius r, which has nothing to do with nodal density. Finally, the occurrence region and size of the energy hole can also be accurately obtained. The simulation results are consistent with theoretical analysis, which can be a good guidance for WSNs.

► The energy consumption in different regions can be obtained in multi-hop WSNs.
► The maximum FDT as well as ADT and optimal r can be calculated for WSNs.
► The occurrence region and size of the energy hole can be accurately obtained for WSNs.