FPGA based architecture of Extensive Cancellation Algorithm (ECA) for Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR)

Passive Bistatic Radar (PBR) exploits existing signals of opportunity from different sources such as Radio and TV signals. Extensive Cancellation Algorithm (ECA) has been proven to be a very effective way to mitigate the effects of direct signal, multipath and clutter echoes in PBR. Also, it is able to detect a moving target accurately when it comes to strong-clutter environment and long-range detection providing evidence for its robustness. However, ECA is a computationally intensive algorithm and will benefit from parallel processing and modern computational platforms such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This work involves transformation of ECA by exploring opportunities for parallel processing and elimination of any unnecessary computations and storages. ECA algorithm has been also implemented on FPGAs for high speed computation by exploiting parallel and pipelining approaches. A new software tool called Radar Signal Processing Tool (RSPT) has been developed. It allows the designer to auto-generate fully optimized VHDL representation of ECA by specifying many user input parameters through GUI. The produced VHDL code is independent of FPGA part. It is also appropriate for use with any future high performance FPGAs or ASICs to further cut down computation time. Moreover, it provides the designer a feedback on various performance parameters. This offers the designer an ability to make any adjustments to the ECA component until the desired performance of the overall System on Chip (SoC) is achieved. The computation time of our transformed/optimized algorithm has improved by a factor of 3.8. Its FPGA implementation offers a speed up of 18 over CPU.