Multiple defect core photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence induced by squeezed lattice with elliptical holes in soft glass

We present a dual mode, large core highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with a photonic cladding composed of elliptical holes ordered in a rectangular lattice. The fiber is made of borosilicate glass and has a regular set of elliptical holes with an aspect ratio of 1.27 and a filling factor near 0.5. The group birefringence (G) and effective mode area were measured at 1550 nm for the fundamental mode and were found to equal 2 × 10−4 and 20 μm2 respectively. We discuss the influence of structural parameters including the ellipticity of the air holes and the aspect ratio of the rectangular lattice on the birefringence and on the fundamental and second modes of the fiber.

► A photonic crystal fiber with elliptical holes and squeezed lattice is developed.
► The group birefringence of 2 × 10−4 is measured.
► Effective single mode performance in a large mode area of 20 μm2 is presented.
► Influence of lattice type and hole ellipticity on fiber birefringence is discussed.