Indoor location fingerprinting with heterogeneous clients

Heterogeneous wireless clients measure signal strength differently. This is a fundamental problem for indoor location fingerprinting, and it has a high impact on the positioning accuracy. Mapping-based solutions have been presented that require manual and error-prone calibration for each new client. This article presents hyperbolic location fingerprinting, which records fingerprints as signal strength ratios between pairs of base stations instead of absolute signal strength values. This article also presents an automatic mapping-based method that avoids calibration by learning from online measurements. The evaluation shows that the solutions can address the signal strength heterogeneity problem without requiring extra manual calibration.