Quad Staircase Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for S, C and X Band Applications

This paper presents miniaturization by introducing staircase shape at each edge of the patch of Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) which operates in S-band (2-4 GHz), C-band (4-8 GHz) and X-band (8-12 GHz). The proposed antenna operates at 2.44 GHz, 5.53 GHz, 7.79 GHz and 9.39 GHz with up to 37% size reduction compared to the basic MPA. Design frequency for the proposed antenna is 2.4 GHz which supports multiband behavior. The Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 with relative permittivity 2.2 and height 1.6 mm is used as substrate material for design of proposed antenna. Transmission line model is applied to calculate the dimensions of the proposed antenna. Coaxial probe feed is used to feed the proposed antenna because this type of feed provides better impedance matching to source by varying the feed position. Ansoft HFSS V13 (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software is used for the design and simulation of the proposed antenna. The results of the proposed antenna are obtained in terms of Return Loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, Gain and Radiation Pattern which have acceptable values of return loss less than -10 dB, VSWR less than 2 at each resonant frequencies and Gain more than 3 dB.