Fuzzy effects of urban landscapes on land prices

In this paper, we deal with the effects of urban landscapes on land prices under uncertainty, represented by fuzzy numbers. To this end, the factors for evaluating urban landscapes are designed using fuzzy numbers. Moreover, we consider 11 factors for utilizing the approach, like as Continuity of external walls, Conformity of colors and materials, Favorable pedestrian space, Decorations and street furniture and etc. Then, two fuzzy hedonic approaches are applied to examine if the essential components of urban landscapes were significant determinants of land prices. Finally, we propose a pessimistic/optimistic approach for analyzing and extracting the relation between effects of urban landscapes on land prices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the literature that such effects are examined on the land prices under fuzzy numbers.