Modelling electrochemical energy storage devices in insular power network applications supported on real data

This paper addresses different techniques for modelling electrochemical energy storage (ES) devices in insular power network applications supported on real data. The first contribution is a comprehensive performance study between a set of competing electrochemical energy storage technologies: Lithium-ion (Li-ion), Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd), Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) and Lead Acid (PbA) batteries. As a second contribution, several key engineering parameters with regards to the PbA battery-based storage solution are examined, such as cell charge distribution, cell string configuration and battery capacity fade. Finally, as a third contribution, an ES system operating criterion is discussed and proposed to manage the inherent rapid aging of the batteries due to their cycling activity. The simulation results are supported on real data from two non-interconnected power grids, namely Crete (Greece) and São Miguel (Portugal) Islands, for demonstration and validation purposes.