Tuning roughness and gloss of powder coating paint by encapsulating the coating particles with thin Al2O3 films

- Thin Al2O3 films were deposited on powder coating particles at ambient conditions.
- The gas-phase coating process took place in a fluidized bed.
- The Al2O3 films partially contained the particles above its glass transition (Tg).
- The surface appearance of the powder coating was tuned by inducing roughness.
- The appearance changed from gloss to matte, while keeping the mechanical properties.

In this work, we report a method to change the surface finish of a standard polyester-based powder coating paint, from gloss to matt, by depositing ultrathin films of Al2O3 on the powder coating particles. The coating experiments were performed in a fluidized bed reactor at 1 bar and 27 °C, using a gas-phase coating process of alternating exposure of the particles to the two precursors (trimethylaluminium and water), similar to atomic layer deposition (ALD). We varied the number of coating cycles (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 cycles) to obtain film thicknesses of the alumina shell ranging from 1 to 30 nm. The average growth per cycle of the process is 3.5 nm, significantly larger than the one for pure self-limiting ALD. When the average alumina shell was thicker than 6 nm, the shell prevented the flow of the core particles, even though the powder particles did soften above the glass transition temperature. With the particles morphology intact, this resulted in a rough and matte surface finish of the coating after curing. The surface roughness, with a value around 9 μm determined by surface profilometry, is associated to the alumina coated particles as observed with SEM and EDX analysis. In addition, the matte finish coating showed mechanical resistance similar to that of uncoated powder particles.

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