Energy-performance trade-offs in data transfer tuning at the end-systems

• The two new models proposed to estimate power consumption during data transfers.
• The various factors analyzed that may affect power and throughput in data transfers.
• We show the adverse effects of different protocol parameters on power consumption.
• The significant amount of energy savings achieved with minimal performance penalty.

The annual electricity consumed by data transfers in the U.S. is estimated to be 20 TWh, which translates to around 4 billion U.S. Dollars per year. There has been considerable amount of prior work looking at power management and energy efficiency in hardware and software systems, and more recently in power-aware networking. Despite the growing body of research in power management techniques for the networking infrastructure, there has been no prior work (to the best of our knowledge), focusing on saving energy at the end-systems (sender and receiver nodes) during the data transfer. We argue that although network-only approaches are important part of the solution, the end-system power management is another key in optimizing energy efficiency of the data transfers, which has been long ignored. In this paper, we analyze various factors that will affect the power consumption in end-to-end data transfers, such as the level of parallelism, concurrency and pipelining, as well as the CPU frequency level at the end-systems. Our results show that significant amount of energy savings (up to 60%) can be achieved at the end-systems during data transfer with no or minimal performance penalty if the correct parameter combination is used.