Issuer-free oblivious transfer with access control revisited

Oblivious transfer with access control (OTAC) is an extension of oblivious transfer where each message is associated with an access control policy. A receiver can obtain a message only if her attributes satisfy the access control policy for that message. In most schemes, the receiver's attributes are certified by an issuer. Recently, two Issuer-Free OTAC protocols have been proposed. We show that the security definition for Issuer-Free OTAC fulfilled by those schemes poses a problem. Namely, the sender is not able to attest whether a receiver possesses a claimed attribute. Because of this problem, in both Issuer-Free OTAC protocols, any malicious receiver can obtain any message from the sender, regardless of the access control policy associated with the message. To address this problem, we propose a new security definition for Issuer-Free OTAC. Our definition requires the receiver to prove in zero-knowledge to the sender that her attributes fulfill some predicates. Our definition is suitable for settings with multiple issuers because it allows the design of OTAC protocols where the receiver, when accessing a record, can hide the identity of the issuer that certified her attributes.