The mathematical structure of the lattices of the lattice Boltzmann method

It was shown previously (Shan, 2010) that the lattice weights of the lattice Boltzmann method are the solutions to an optimization problem subjecting to a set of linear equality and inequality constraints. Here, a solution strategy is developed and complete solutions for such optimization problem are obtained in one-, two-, and three-dimensions up to 9th order. In addition to recovering the well-known lattices, a number of high-order lattices are also discovered for the first time. These lattices can be used to construct high-order lattice Boltzmann schemes for non-equilibrium flow simulation.