Fractional-order impedance transformation based on three port mutators

Due to the importance of the mutators for active circuit realizations, this paper investigates different three port mutator circuits that can be used to implement a floating impedance. The analytical equations that govern the proposed circuits as well as the necessary conditions under different configurations are introduced to realize positive and negative impedances. The proposed circuits are based on second generation current conveyors (CCII) and/or transconductance Amplifier (TA). Moreover, the fractional-order impedance transformation using these mutators are investigated showing the advantages of fractional-order parameters for extra design degrees of freedom. Circuit simulations using Advanced Design System (ADS) for the proposed circuits are made by using 0.25 CMOS technology from MOSIS to implement the active blocks. Also, practical models for the resistances and capacitances are included in the simulation to include the practical effects on the circuit performance. As an application, the proposed circuits are used to implement fractional order filters and oscillators to validate their reliability and the analytical discussion.