Local quadruple pattern: A novel descriptor for facial image recognition and retrieval

In this paper a novel hand-crafted local quadruple pattern (LQPAT) is proposed for facial image recognition and retrieval. Most of the existing hand-crafted descriptors encode only a limited number of pixels in the local neighborhood. Under unconstrained environment the performance of these descriptors tends to degrade drastically. Major problem in increasing the local neighborhood is that, it also increases the feature length of the descriptor. The proposed descriptor tries to overcome these problems by defining an efficient encoding structure with optimal feature length. The proposed descriptor encodes relations amongst the neighbors in quadruple space. Two micro patterns are computed from the local relationships to form the descriptor. The retrieval and recognition accuracies of the proposed descriptor has been compared with state of the art hand crafted descriptors on bench mark databases namely; Caltech-face, LFW, Color-FERET, and CASIA-face-v5. Result analysis shows that the proposed descriptor performs well under uncontrolled variations.