کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
4996312 | 1459795 | 2017 | 11 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
- A new X-ray method for measuring moisture-, ash content and heating value of biofuels is proposed.
- The method is a combination of X-ray transmission and fluorescence-qDXA-XRF.
- The qDXA-XRF measures 0.5-1.5Â kg samples with an analysis time of 1Â min.
- The qDXA-XRF can be generalized to on-line measurements on e.g. conveyor belts.
Here we demonstrate a new hyphenated X-ray method, qDXA-XRF, for the simultaneous determination of moisture-, ash content and heating value (as received) of biofuels. The method is based on the combination of X-ray transmission imaging and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.The method performance is demonstrated using three biofuel assortments; logging residues, roundwood chips and sawdust, on approximately 3Â L samples (â¼500-1500Â g) with a total analysis time of one minute per sample.Mean absolute errors for the logging residues, roundwood chips and sawdust determinations respectively were; for moisture content MAEÂ =Â 0.034, 0.026, 0.011 (wet basis mass fraction), for ash content MAEÂ =Â 0.0015, 0.0015, 0.0049 (dry basis mass fraction), and for heating value (as received) MAEÂ =Â 0.55, 0.44, 0.17Â MJÂ kgâ1.Furthermore, for the assortment logging residues, the qDXA-XRF determination of heating value decreases the measurement uncertainty from MAEÂ =Â 1.53 to 0.55Â MJÂ kgâ1 (â¼60% decrease) compared with traditional oven moisture/equation method.
Journal: Biomass and Bioenergy - Volume 98, March 2017, Pages 161-171