کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
5044820 1370634 2017 6 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Original ArticleWinner and loser effects in human competitions. Evidence from equally matched tennis players
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
اثر اصلی اثر و بازنده در مسابقات انسانی. شواهد از بازیکنان تنیس با هم برابر
کلمات کلیدی
اثر برنده، اثرات بازنده، نیمه آزمایش مسابقات، ورزش ها،
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم کشاورزی و بیولوژیک بوم شناسی، تکامل، رفتار و سامانه شناسی
چکیده انگلیسی

Animals winning an agonistic encounter are more likely to win their next encounter while losers are less likely, even when controlling for motivation and physical size. Do these winner and loser effects exist in human competitions? Drawing on a large database of professional tennis matches, we were able to control for players' ability and thereby test for winner and loser effects. We narrowed the database to matches between players who on average did not differ significantly in rank, and further to matches in which the first set was fought to a long tie-break. These closely fought matches present a natural experiment because players are assigned to treatment conditions - winning or losing a set - despite similar ability and performance. We found that among men, the winner of a closely fought tie-break had an approximate 60% chance of winning the second set, the loser a 40% chance. These effects did not exist among women, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that androgens mediate winner and loser effects. Our results may help in the design of competitions in sport as well as in work environments, where it may prove useful to either encourage winner effects or to attenuate their occasional adverse consequences.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Evolution and Human Behavior - Volume 38, Issue 4, July 2017, Pages 530-535
نویسندگان
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