The new competition for land: Food, energy, and climate change

► An integrated analytical framework addresses competition for land arising from the 'energy-food-environment' trilemma. ► Land-use change risks from increasing demand for food are at least as great as those from biofuels. ► Biofuels and biomaterials are destined to be globally significant technologies for many decades. ► Strategic political direction of innovation is necessary to achieve sustainable intensification of agriculture.