The impact of knowledge transfer and complexity on supply chain flexibility: A knowledge-based view

► Internal and external knowledge transfer activities improve supply chain flexibility. ► Product and supply complexity are important moderating contingencies for knowledge transfer. ► Moderating complexities can yield positive and negative effects, depending on the type of knowledge transfer. ► Under high product complexity, internal knowledge transfer is effective in achieving supply chain flexibility. ► Under high supply complexity, external knowledge transfer is effective in achieving supply chain flexibility.