Generating strut-and-tie patterns for reinforced concrete structures using topology optimization

Topology optimization is a well-known design tool that may be also exploited for the optimal generation of feasible strut-and-tie models (STM) in reinforced concrete structures. The paper proposes a simple implementation for minimum compliance optimization relying on the finite element library and analysis capabilities of a commercial FEM-code and its Application Programming Interface. This methodology deals with the generation of truss-like designs to derive preliminary strut-and-tie models not only in the established bidimensional context but also in a 3D environment. This allows to cope with issues as torsional reinforcement or the design of the so-called discontinuity regions in box-shaped structures.