Parenting Mistakes as a Factor in Communication Difficulties in Children

The article investigates the social and cultural nature of impaired communication in preschool children. The author presents the findings of an empiric research into the influence of parenting styles as a trigger of variable communication difficulties in children. The research shows that maternal parenting mistakes (hyper protection, gratification of whims, excessive sanctions, lack of confidence in upbringing abilities, the fear of losing one's child, encouragement of infantilism) and paternal parenting mistakes (hyper protection, insufficient requirements, undeveloped paternal feelings, preference of male traits in a child) cause specific basic, content-related, instrumental and reflective communication difficulties in children. Such mistakes determine non-constructive behavioural forms in communicative situations (aggression, protest, demonstrative behaviour, shyness, conformity).