Modeling and simulation of a wetland park: An application to Keoladeo National Park, India

- Local and global stability behavior of three models is studied for the degradation and conservation of a wetland park.
- The carrying capacity of the bad biomass (Paspalum distichum) is observed as a vital parameter affecting the wetland.
- The wetland can be changed from bad health to good health by applying suitable effort.
- Numerical simulation experiments have been conducted to examine the behavior of the system with different parameters.

In this paper, three mathematical models are proposed and analyzed to study the degradation and conservation of a wetland park. The first model describes the interaction of bird populations with the good biomass. The interaction is considered to be Crowley-Martin type. The good biomass is the cumulative densities of floating vegetation, fishes, waterfowl and other useful species. The model is further extended to study the effect of bad biomass such as Paspalum distichum on the dynamics of the previous system. The Paspalum distichum is a wild grass which depletes the level of oxygen in the open water bodies affecting severely the good biomass and consequently the bird populations. The carrying capacity of bad biomass is one of the most vital parameter. Keeping the low value of the carrying capacity, one can maintain the 'good health' of the park. At the situation of 'bad health' of the park, some efforts are needed to control the bad biomass. Hence the second model is again extended to control the growth of bad biomass and to maintain the good biomass and the bird populations at an appropriate level. In each case, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical results. These models suggest to control the bad biomass in an efficient manner and to maintain the eco-system of the wetland park.