A robust and contact resolving Riemann solver on unstructured mesh, Part II, ALE method

This paper investigates solution behaviors under the strong shock interaction for moving mesh schemes based on the one-dimensional Godunov and HLLC Riemann solvers. When the grid motion velocity is close to Lagrangian one, these Godunov methods, which updates the flow parameters directly on the moving mesh without using interpolation, may suffer from numerical shock instability. In order to cure such instability, a new cell centered arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) algorithm is constructed for inviscid, compressible gas flows. The main feature of the algorithm is to introduce a nodal contact velocity and ensure the compatibility between edge fluxes and the nodal flow intrinsically. We establish a new two-dimensional Riemann solver based on the HLLC method (denoted by the ALE HLLC-2D). The solver relaxes the condition that the contact pressures must be the same in the traditional HLLC solver and constructs discontinuous fluxes along each sampling direction of the similarity solution. The two-dimensional contact velocity of the grid node is determined via enforcing conservation of mass, momentum and total energy. The resulting ALE scheme has a node instead of grid edge conservation properties. Numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of this new solver. Due to the multi-dimensional information introduced and consistency between the fluxes and nodal contact velocity, the developed ALE algorithm performs well on both quadrilateral and triangular grids and reduces numerical shock instability phenomena.