A guiding centre direct implicit scheme for magnetized plasma simulations

A new implicit fully electromagnetic particle in cell method is presented in which the full ion dynamic and all the electron guiding centre drifts of a magnetized collisionless plasma are retained. This code retains the inertial effects on the electrons. It must be used for time steps larger or so than an electron cyclotron period, it is only valid for an electron plasma beta βe<1βe<1. Therefore, it is efficient only with strongly magnetized electrons. On the opposite, the constraint on the ions βi