Spectroscopic investigations of L-shell ionization in heavy elements by electron impact

- Inner shell ionization in lead and thorium by electron impact is investigated.
- Absolute cross sections of L-subshell X-rays are measured in the experiment.
- Effects on X-ray yield due to electron backscattering is simulated using PENELOPE.
- Subshell resolved cross sections are extracted from the experimental data.

The absolute L subshell specific electron impact ionization cross sections near the ionization threshold (16