Dynamic Modeling of an Organic Rankine Cycle to recover Waste Heat for transportation vehicles

According to the International Council on Clean Transportation, the target for CO2 emissions in passenger cars was reduced until 2007 an average of 1% per year, however from 2008 more restrictive targets were imposed with an average of 4% per year. In 2020 the target of CO2 emissions for passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles will be reduced from 2012 up to 28% and 18%, achieving values of 95 g/km and 147 g/km respectively. Therefore, waste heat recovery technologies seem to assume an essential role in the CO2 reductions of the forthcoming decade. This paper deals with a 1D simulation model of an Organic Rankine Cvcle coupled to a 2 l naturally aspirated gasoline engine and using ethanol as working fluid. The novelty of this model is based on the possibility to obtain performance parameters of the dual system Internal Combustion Engine-Organic Rankine Cycle. An experimental facility of an ethanol ORC using a swash-plate expander coupled to gasoline engine has been used to calibrate it.