Towards Circular Lean Product-Service Systems

Circular Lean Product-Service Systems (CLPSSs) are a new type of PSS, a combination of a tangible circular product with intangible value-added service elements, and its related supporting closed-loop networks and infrastructure. CLPSSs can lead to dematerialization through reducing the creation of waste in manufacturing and services operations, and the consumption of virgin materials, thanks to a restorative and regenerative operational system by design that can satisfy customers' needs, decouple economic growth from environmental impact and create new revenue streams out of extending the residual value of products. This paper aims to demonstrate the compatibility of circular economy and lean principles in the context of PSSs and contribute to their integration in order to create customer-oriented solutions that minimize resources consumption and enhance the ultimate value-added to the end-user.