Conversion of bio-oil to bio gasoline via pyrolysis and hydrothermal: A review

Use of non-edible biomass to create bio gasoline through thermal conversion has attracted significant research attention. Biomass can be converted into bio gasoline via a thermal process (pyrolysis, hydrothermal processes, and hydrogenation processes) where the main challenge that is faced is to upgrade bio-oil into biofuel. Microalgae, attractive feed for the production of bio gasoline, offer advantages in scale-up for industrial purposes. This review considers the direct conversion of biomass to bio gasoline via thermal conversion, including the upgraded processes for biomass and microalgae where the physical-chemical properties, mass and energy balance, engine performance and emission gases of bio-gasoline are also discussed.