Demand side management using DADR automation in the peak load reduction

The paper considers the use of an automated decentralized system, the DADR (Decentralized Active Demand Response), for reduction of peak power in the Polish Electrical Power System (EPS). This issue is especially important from the point of view of improving the efficiency and reliability of the Polish EPSfor which purpose the aim is to reduce peak power by 1 GW, which represents about 4% of typically peak power value. Among the known methods of reduction of peak loads today, the tariff programs are commonly used; however, they do not achieve the desired results. With this in mind the article includes an assessment of the possibility of using a Decentralized Active Demand Response system for activities related to the reduction of peak loads. The article discusses the principle of operation of the DADR device in cooperation with thermostatic loads (fridge-freezer), in which there is a possibility to modify their characteristics of power versus time on the supply side. Analysis of the aggregated impact of the actions of such a solution on the daily load curve is shown in the simulation results. The simulation results have showed that the use of a DADR system involving thermostatic devices (fridgefreezers) available in Poland allows for a significant reduction in peak power of about 0.37 GW (1.6% of the targeted 4%) a reduction of energy consumption at peak hours of about 0.65 GWh and a shift to the night valley. The stochastic algorithm that was used reduced peak energy consumption without any negative impact on the electrical power system (there are no power overshoot and oscillations). It has also been shown that the new formula developed by the authors allows for calculation of the amount of reduced energy for various parameters of thermostatic devices and various durations of peak power.