“Generalized” algebraic Bethe ansatz, Gaudin-type models and Zp-graded classical r-matrices

We consider quantum integrable systems associated with reductive Lie algebra gl(n) and Cartan-invariant non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices. We show that under certain restrictions on the form of classical r-matrices “nested” or “hierarchical” Bethe ansatz usually based on a chain of subalgebras gl(n)⊃gl(n−1)⊃...⊃gl(1) is generalized onto the other chains or “hierarchies” of subalgebras. We show that among the r-matrices satisfying such the restrictions there are “twisted” or Zp-graded non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices. We consider in detail example of the generalized Gaudin models with and without external magnetic field associated with Zp-graded non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices and find the spectrum of the corresponding Gaudin-type hamiltonians using nested Bethe ansatz scheme and a chain of subalgebras gl(n)⊃gl(n−n1)⊃gl(n−n1−n2)⊃gl(n−(n1+...+np−1)), where n1+n2+...+np=n.