Postures, typing strategies, and gender differences in mobile device usage: An observational study

Mobile device text messaging and other typing is rapidly increasing worldwide. A checklist was utilized to characterize joint postures and typing styles in individuals appearing to be of college age (n = 859) while typing on their mobile devices in public. Gender differences were also ascertained. Almost universally, observed subjects had a flexed neck (91.0%, n = 782), and a non-neutral typing-side wrist (90.3%, n = 776). A greater proportion of males had protracted shoulders (p < 0.01, χ2 test), while a greater proportion of females had a typing-side inner elbow angle of <90°, particularly while standing (p = 0.03, χ2 test). 46.1% of subjects typed with both thumbs (two hands holding the mobile device). Just over one-third typed with their right thumb (right hand holding the mobile device). No difference in typing styles between genders was found. Future research should determine whether the non-neutral postures identified may be associated with musculoskeletal disorders.

► We observe joint postures and typing styles during public usage of mobile phones.
► We examine gender differences.
► 90% have flexed neck and non-neutral wrist; ½ use both thumbs, both hands hold phone.
► Males are more likely to have protracted shoulders and non-neutral trunk in sitting.