Impact of Pretransplantation Indices in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Knowledge of Center-Specific Outcome Data Is Pivotal before Making Index-Based Decisions

- The hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index and disease risk index are evaluated in a single-center hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient population
- Local validation of the hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index and the disease risk index is needed before making index-based hematopoietic stem cell transplantation decisions
- Patients have different outcomes despite sharing the same hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index or disease risk index risk group
- Pulmonary comorbidity has a significant impact on 5-year overall survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- A higher hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index score might be accepted in recipients of sibling grafts in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is influenced by patient comorbidity, disease type, and status before treatment. We performed a retrospective study involving 521 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients who underwent transplantation for hematological malignancy at our center from 2000 to 2012 to compare the predictive value of the hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) and the disease risk index (DRI) for overall survival and transplantation-related mortality. Patients in the highest HCT-CI risk group (HCT-CI score ≥3) had a lower 5-year overall survival rate (50%) than the low-risk group (63%; P < .01). Subset analysis of donor origin showed greater 5-year overall survival in siblings than in matched unrelated donors, regardless of HCT-CI score (eg, 67% 5-year overall survival in siblings despite an HCT-CI score of >6 [n = 9]). Five-year overall survival in the highest DRI risk group was significantly poorer (44%) than in the low-risk group (63%; P < .01). Both indices failed to predict differences in transplantation-related mortality (HCT-CI, P = .54; DRI, P = .17). We conclude that HCT-CI and DRI were predictive of overall survival in our patient population. Even so, our data show that different patient groups may have different outcomes despite sharing the same index risk group and that indices should, therefore, be evaluated according to local data before clinical implementation at the single-center level.