Brief ArticlesNext-Generation Sequencing in Adult B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients

- Next-generation sequencing of IgH VDJ in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an accurate and sensitive measure of measurable residual disease
- Patients measurable residual disease negative by next-generation sequencing and multiparameter flow cytometry have superior outcome compared with those with measurable residual disease
- Peripheral blood testing for measurable residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia may complement bone marrow testing

We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the immunoglobulin genes to evaluate residual disease in 153 specimens from 32 patients with adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in a single multicenter study. The sequencing results were compared with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) data in 66 specimens (25 patients) analyzed by both methods. There was a strong concordance (82%) between the methods in the qualitative determination of the presence of disease. However, in 17% of cases, leukemia was detected by sequencing but not by MFC. In 54 bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) paired specimens, the burden of leukemia detected by NGS was lower in PB than in BM, although it was still detectable in 68% of the 28 paired specimens with positive BM. Lastly, patients without disease detected by NGS or MFC had a 5-year relapse free survival of > 80%. The results suggest that residual disease detection by immunoglobulin gene sequencing is an extremely sensitive technique and may identify patients that might benefit from transplantation. Moreover, the increased sensitivity of the method may allow frequent peripheral blood testing to supplement marrow sampling to measure disease response.