Online alcohol interventions, sexual violence and intimate partner violence: A systematic review

• Existing studies support the effectiveness of online interventions in reducing alcohol consumption.
• Few studies examined outcomes in relation to sexual violence or intimate partner violence (IPV).
• Pragmatic evaluation of the impact of existing online programs is recommended.
• Changes in sexual violence or IPV from online interventions were small (d < 0.2) or not significantly different from zero.

BackgroundSexual and intimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of disease burden, with alcohol use strongly related to these behaviors. Online interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing both alcohol use and some alcohol-related problems. These programs are widely available especially to university students, a particularly high-risk group for sexual or IPV.AimWe aimed to systematically review the evidence for the effectiveness of online alcohol interventions in reducing sexual violence or IPV.MethodsWe searched electronic databases (PsycInfo, Embase, Global Health, Medline, CINAHI, Pubmed, and ProQuest) and hand searched key reviews.ResultsFrom 569 titles, 23 were assessed in detail: five articles (four studies) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All these studies were undertaken in the USA, with three recruiting college students (n = 17,332), and one using an emergency department (n = 262) sample of adolescents. We summarized the characteristics of the samples, the interventions and outcomes for alcohol use and sexual violence or IPV. Most interventions were unguided, with only one group receiving a guided intervention. Effect sizes, where they could be calculated, were small (Cohen's d < 0.2) or not significantly different to zero for alcohol, sexual violence or IPV outcomes.ConclusionsCurrently, there are insufficient data to evaluate the effectiveness of online alcohol interventions in reducing sexual or IPV. Given the prevalence of these behaviors and their association with alcohol use, this deficit requires urgent attention.