Further exploration of Vold–Kalman-filtering order tracking with shaft-speed information—II: Engineering applications

The first part of this series of papers addressed the theory, numerical implementation and parameter investigations of two further explored Vold–Kalman-filtering order-tracking techniques. A proposed tunable weighting factor for effectively distinguishing and separating both close and crossing order components of signals measured from rotary machines was implemented and examined. Additionally, parameters influencing waveform-tracking performance were investigated. Here, in the second paper of the series, geometric analysis to interpret dynamic signatures using order-tracking schemes is first summarised. To justify the effectiveness of applying developed techniques in practical works, three experimental tasks are accomplished. One is the separation of two close orders arising from flexible coupler imbalancing and gear meshing of a transmission-element test bench. The second task is the investigation of the dynamic characteristics of an electric scooter with a planetary gear set and four stages of speed-reduction gears using the implemented order-tracking techniques. The interactions between order components and structure resonances can be decoupled and distinguished precisely. The third task shows the successful ranking for different signature components of passby noise generated from an electric scooter with CVT transmission. This demonstrates the superiority of the angular-displacement Vold–Kalman-filtering order-tracking technique for analysing and interpreting dynamic signals arising from the operation of rotary machines.