Use of modal representation for the supporting structure in model-based fault identification of large rotating machinery: part 1—theoretical remarks

Fault identification by means of model-based techniques, both in frequency and time domain, is often employed in diagnostics of rotating machines, when the main task is to locate and to evaluate the severity of the malfunction. The model of the fully assembled machine is composed by the submodels of the rotor, of the bearings and of the foundation, while the effect of the faults is modelled by means of equivalent force systems. Some identification techniques, such as the least squares identification in frequency domain, proposed by the authors, have proven to be quite robust even if the submodels are not fine-tuned. Anyhow, the use of a reliable model can increase the accuracy of the identification.Normally a supporting structure is represented by means of rigid foundation or by pedestals, i.e. 2 d.o.f. mass–spring–damper systems, but these kind of models are often not able to reproduce correctly the influence of the dynamical behaviour of the supporting structure on the shaft, especially in large machines where coupled modes are present. Therefore, peculiar aspect of this paper is the use of a modal foundation to model the supporting structure of the machine and the method is discussed in detail in this first part. The modal representation of the foundation is then introduced in the least squares identification technique in frequency domain.