High-speed Sigma-gating SMC-PHD filter

• A novel gating technique (Sigma-gating) is developed for fast weight updating of particles in the SMC-PHD filter.
• The gate size is constant and based on the standard deviation of the measurement noise.
• A compensation strategy is applied on the clutter density term to compensate the decreased impact of clutter due to the gating.
• Our approach obtains both faster processing speed and better estimation accuracy than the standard SMC-PHD filter.

To solve the general multi-target tracking (MTT) problem, an improved Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) implementation of the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter called as Sigma-gating SMC-PHD filter, is proposed that updates particles only using the local nearby measurements inside a specified sigma-gate. The sigma-gate is based on the given measurement noise, e.g. 3σ, where σ is the standard deviation of the measurement noise. Correspondingly, a compensation strategy based on the cumulative distribution function of the measurement model is suggested. Eliminating the contribution of measurements lying outside the gate around the particle will highly reduce unnecessary computation and thus improve the overall processing speed. More importantly, this could shield the estimate from interference from the clutter outside the gate giving more robust and accurate estimation. Especially when the clutter density is high, our approach can yield a win–win that is much faster processing efficiency and better estimation accuracy (as compared with the standard PHD filter). This is demonstrated by simulations of the SMC-PHD filters using measurements of range and bearing, respectively.